中国安保公司“走出去”面临新的监管复杂性,需要借鉴国际经验并厘清《蒙特勒文件》《私营安保服务商国际行为守则》等国际条约的文本内容和主要国际标准。当前国际标准主要强调人权和国际人道法原则,注重风险管理尤其是人权风险影响,强调武力使用的适当原则,注重事故管理和内外部举报申诉。在中国海外安保服务规制对接过程中,应正视中西方安全话语差异和中西方安保业态差异,充分认识中国海外安保的主要市场在于“复杂环境”中的专业服务供给,中国海外安保发展的核心在于满足对“国际化复合型”人才的需求,中国海外安保的监管方式在于对接国际上各利益相关方“多元共治”的规制模式,中国海外安保的主要行为体是具有主体身份的“私营安保公司”。
Chinese security companies are facing new regulatory complexities when they go global. They need to learn from international experience and clarify the text content and main international standards such as the Montreux document,the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers. The current international standards mainly emphasize the principles of human rights and international humanitarian law,risk management,especially the impact of human rights risks,the principle and applicability of the use of force,accident management and internal and external reports and Grievance Mechanisms. In the process of regulating overseas security services by Chinese private security companies,it is necessary to face up to the differences in security discourse between China and the west,the differences in security industry between China and the west,and fully understand the main aspects of China’s overseas security context. The current market of overseas security service lies in the supply of professional services in “complex environment”,and the core obstacle of China’s overseas security industry development is to solve the demand for “international and comprehensive” talents. As for good governance,China’s overseas security service regulation needs to be transferred from the government-centered mode to the international “multi-stakeholders governance” mode,and the main actor and player of China’s overseas security service industry mainly utilize the identity as “private security companies”.