This study examines the organization of Fujian merchants in Japan as well as the recent trends in how their network developed historically. The “Chinese merchants” analytical device is richly mobile，expansive，diverse，and border-transcendent. The Japanese Fujian gang network underwent considerable change during four historical periods，while also maintaining historical durability. In particular，from the end of the twentieth century through the twenty-first century，many new immigrants arrived，which led to major changes in the economic size and social organization of the Fujian merchants. They built a transnational network and developed a closer connection with China. China simultaneously made full use of various platforms and routes to deepen its interactions with Chinese networks and take a leading role.