Lenin emphasized the momentous position of cultural construction in the overall socialist construction of Soviet-Russia in his later years and exemplified Lenin's great emphasis on socialist cultural construction.Based on the overall low cultural quality of the people，the bureaucratic style caused by low cultural level of state functionaries and the interruption of cooperation，Lenin expounded the necessity of cultural construction. Lenin believed that only when the backward cultural state of Russia was completely changed，Russia society could move forward. Therefore，he put forward the cultural construction idea including taking the development of education as the cornerstone，promoting the rural cultural construction as the core，adhering to the leadership of the party as the key，and following the law of cultural development as the principle. Lenin pointed out the correct direction for the national cultural construction，not only gave great support to the development of Russia at that time，but also provided important enlightenment for the current cultural construction in China.