粤港澳大湾区人口老龄化增速明显,随着粤港澳三地合作发展与区域合作在各个领域的不断深化,跨境养老或将成为未来港澳老年人养老的重要选择,同时,港澳完善的养老服务保障机制为内地提供了宝贵经验。本报告在梳理粤港澳大湾区老龄化现状的前提下,分析了跨境养老实施的必要性,归纳了粤港澳大湾区跨境养老新模式的探索历程,并在此基础上提出粤港澳大湾区跨区域养老服务的提升改进建议。本报告认为跨境养老的重点和难点在于福利便携性的深化推进以及三地生活成本比较优势的弱化趋势。基于此,本报告提出以下几点建议:在福利便携方面,建立三地老年人医疗卫生资源共享机制,打破养老跨境壁垒;在行业标准方面,推动三地的养老服务行业统一标准,缩小地区养老资源的差异性;在人力资源方面,推进三地养老护理员职业资格互认;在资金支持方面,构建以“政府+市场+社会”为主体的粤港澳养老服务的合作结构,构建多元化投融资渠道;在政府政策方面,建立跨境合作的领导沟通机制,打造高层畅通沟通渠道。
Population aging in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (the Greater Bay Area) has increased significantly. With the deepening cooperation among Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao in various fields,receiving cross-border elderly care services may become an optional choice for the elderly in Hong Kong and Macao in the future. Meanwhile,the mature elderly care service system in Hong Kong and Macao can provide valuable experience for the mainland. Based on the analysis of the current situation of population aging in the Greater Bay Area,this paper analyzed the necessity of cross-border pension,summarized the exploration of the new cross-border pension model in the Greater Bay Area,and provide some suggestions for the improvement of cross-regional pension services in the Greater Bay Area. This study finds that the key and difficult points of cross-border pension lies in the deepening promotion of welfare portability and the weakening trend of the comparative advantage of living costs in the three places. Based on the findings,this paper put forward the following suggestions. For welfare portability,establish a sharing mechanism of medical and health resources for the elderly in the three places to break through the barriers of cross-border pension. For standards,promote the unified standards of the elderly care service industry in the three places to reduce the gaps among regional elderly care resources. For human resources,promote the mutual recognition of qualifications of nurses for elders in the three places. For,build a cooperative model of elderly care services with “government+market+society” as the main body,and expand diversified financial channels. For government policies,establish a leadership communication mechanism for cross-border cooperation and build effective high-level communication channels.