中央国有企业和地方国有企业在全国经济统筹规划、区域经济发展运行中的有机结合，起到了完善政府职责体系、优化政府组织结构的作用。充分发挥中央国有企业和地方国有企业两个积极性体制机制，可以更好地挖掘区域发展潜能，为各地区均衡协调发展起到经济压舱石的作用；同时，国有经济为地方和中央的财政提供了充足的预算，二者的有机协调对建立权责清晰、财力协调、区域均衡的中央和地方财政关系有着重要的作用，央、地国有企业的统筹规划，是形成稳定的各级政府事权、支出责任和财力相适应的制度的重要组成部分。本报告分别刻画了中央国有企业和地方国有企业的发展概况、国有经济在不同地区的发展变化以及国有经济对于中央和地方的财政影响，从整体趋势来看，从2010年之后，国有经济在整体经济、各行业发展中起到的作用越来越显著，随着中国进入中等收入序列，经济发展更多地向第三产业倾斜；随着时间的推移，国有企业尤其是中央国有企业的研发投入一直是国内科研的中坚力量。而在地方发展层面上，近十年来，地方国有企业对于当地的就业和经济发展一直都起到了支撑作用，而中央国有企业则更多的是起到了促进关键行业和领域发展的作用。从财政支出的角度来看，中央国有企业和地方国有企业是纳税大户，随着地方国有企业规模的扩张，其纳税额度相对于中央国有企业呈增长趋势，同时其获得的预决算也不断上升，这既有利于地方经济发展，也有利于区域间协调统筹。
The organic combination of central state-owned enterprises and local state-owned enterprises in coordinating national economic planning and promoting regional economic development can give full play to the two active systems and mechanisms of central enterprises and local enterprises，better mobilize the potential of regional development，and optimize government responsibilities. The system and government organizational structure play the role of economic ballast for the balanced and coordinated development of various regions. The state-owned economy provides sufficient budgets for the local and central finances. The organic coordination of the two plays an important role in establishing a central and local fiscal relationship with clear powers and responsibilities，financial coordination，and regional balance. The overall planning of central and local state-owned enterprises is an important part of a stable system that is compatible with the powers，expenditure responsibilities，and financial resources of governments at all levels.
There are three sections in this chapter，which respectively describe the development of central state-owned enterprises and local state-owned enterprises，the development and changes of state-owned economy in different regions，and the influence of state-owned economy on central and local finances. Looking at the overall trend，after 2010，the role of the state-owned economy in the overall economic and industry development has become more and more significant，and as China has entered the middle-income country sequence，state-owned capital has also tilted more toward the tertiary industry. At the local level，local state-owned enterprises have always played a supporting role in local employment and economic development，while central enterprises have played a more important role in controlling key industries and fields；state-owned enterprises，especially central enterprises，have always invested domestically in research and development. The backbone of scientific research. From the perspective of fiscal expenditure，central and local state-owned enterprises are major taxpayers. With the expansion of the scale of local state-owned enterprises，the tax amount of local state-owned enterprises is increasing relative to the number of central enterprises，and the budget and final accounts obtained by them are also rising. This is not only conducive to the development of the local economy，but also conducive to the coordination and overall planning of regions.
