In the era of data age which driven by innovation，how to effectively promote data governance has become a common concern of the international community. Taking data governance in the United States and Europe as an example，this paper analyzes the concept and practice of free flow of data，the management types and mechanisms of important data affecting public interest and national security，and the different ways of personal information protection. On the basis of comparative study and comprehensive analysis，we have actively thought about the China’s data governance and tried to make suggestions.