The successful research and development of COVID-19 vaccine is of great significance to global epidemic prevention and control，economic recovery and building a national biosafety barrier. Based on the analysis of vaccine industry characteristics and industrial chain，the global competition pattern of COVID-19 vaccine was analyzed from the perspectives of participating countries and development speed，different vaccine platforms，industrial chain and industrial system，production capacity and market share of leading enterprises in this chapter. It also analyzed the full saturation development platform of China’s COVID-19 vaccine，the achievements of industry university research cooperation and international cooperation in vaccine development，and looked forward to China’s future direction in strengthening the upgrading of immunization and vaccine renewal needs and in-depth participation in the provision of vaccine as international public goods. From the policy level，it is necessary to strengthen the basic research and reserve of technical capacity，take the COVID-19 vaccine development as an opportunity to cultivate excellent leading enterprises，enhance the stability and competitiveness of the vaccine industrial chain，speed up the review and approval，improve the innovation enthusiasm of enterprises，and strengthen international cooperation in the biosafety field of vaccine research and development，so as to enhance the competitiveness of China’s vaccine industrial chain and innovation chain.