作为新能源汽车产业链核心环节的大容量电池，已成为世界主要国家布局的重要产业之一。从目前全球大容量电池行业产业链的布局情况来看，上游产业链竞争力主要取决于锂、钴、镍、锰等矿产资源开采权及提取生产技术的掌控能力，中游产业链竞争力主要取决于核心环节技术水平和市场份额，下游产业链竞争力主要取决于对应用企业需求的锁定能力。目前，在上游产业链的锂、钴、镍、锰等矿产资源储量方面，非洲和大洋洲国家具有较强的竞争力，中国的竞争力不强，但具有较强的生产加工能力，且已经在国外相关矿产资源储量丰富的地方进行了大量布局，具有一定的掌控能力；中国在中游产业链环节的正极材料、负极材料、电解液和隔膜四大核心领域，都具有世界一流水平的国际竞争力；在下游产业链环节，中日韩主导了世界竞争格局，中国具有较强的市场竞争力，特别是在动力电池领域，且发展潜力巨大。在全球推进碳中和进程和强化产业安全的时代背景下，中国的大容量电池企业应该把握好时代发展带来的市场机遇，综合考虑技术创新研发和技术迭代周期对产业发展的影响，理性布局产业链新技术路线和核心环节，持续保持中国在大容量电池产业链上的世界一流竞争力。
As the core link of the new energy automobile industry chain，large-capacity batteries have become one of the important industries deployed in major countries in the world. Judging from the current layout of the global high-capacity battery industry chain，the competitiveness of the upstream industry chain mainly depends on the mining rights of lithium，cobalt，nickel，manganese and other mineral resources and the ability to control the extraction and production technology. The competitiveness of the midstream industry chain mainly depends on core technology level and market share，the competitiveness of the downstream industry chain mainly depends on the ability to lock in the needs of application companies. At present，in terms of the reserves of mineral resources such as lithium，cobalt，nickel，and manganese in the upstream industrial chain，African and Oceanian countries have strong competitiveness. China’s competitiveness is not strong，but it has strong production and processing capabilities and a large number of locations with rich reserves of relevant mineral resources abroad have been deployed，and they have certain control capabilities；in the four core areas of cathode materials，anode materials，electrolytes and diaphragms in the midstream industrial chain，China has world-class international competitiveness. In the downstream industrial chain，China，Japan and South Korea dominate the world competition pattern. China has strong market competitiveness，especially in the field of power batteries，and has great development potential. In the context of the global advancement of carbon neutrality and the strengthening of industrial safety，China’s large-capacity battery companies should grasp the market opportunities brought by the development of the times，comprehensively consider the impact of technological innovation R&D and technological iteration cycles on industrial development，and make rational arrangements of new technological route and core links of the industrial chain to maintain China’s world-class competitiveness in the large-capacity battery industrial chain.
