In 2013，Chinese President Xi Jinping has put forward building “economic belt of silk road” and “maritime silk road in the 21st century” successively. The strategy “One Belt One Road” is gradually formed and positively responded by the relevant countries and welcomed all over the world. The strategy is also China’s response to the “responsibility of great powers” and the proof of China’s peaceful development. For more than one year，as the project including the “silk road fund”，the “Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank” and so on implemented，“One Belt One Road” strategy is steadily advanced. The strategy will last for quite a long period，probably tens of years，and is very important to the development of our country. In the new situation，especially when the national strategy “One Belt One Road” is implemented，new requirements about the goal and model are put forward to cultivate talents in colleges and universities. Among those above，to cultivate compound talents is an important content，for it is directly related to whether the talents we cultivate can meet both the needs of national strategy and the requirements of social development，who can be competitive and promising. This paper will take the secondary discipline construction of “Area Studies on Asia and Africa” in the school of Asian and African Studies in Beijing Foreign Studies University for example. Problems about cultivating compound talents in less-commonly used languages in the background of “One Belt One Road” will be discussed.