The Belt and Road Initiative is a huge and inclusive big policy initiative built by Chinese leadership to deal with the perceived growing negativity in China’s neighbourhood. The initiative will include five areas of connectivity：policy，infrastructure and facilities，trade，currency，and people. According to the Chinese statement，the Belt and Road Initiative has an economic objective. It can also be understood as a new round of China’s opening up in response to the challenges of overproduction and overcapacity，rise in labour cost，backward development in western part of China，and transforming to a net capital exporter. The implementation of the initiative would involve huge investments in infrastructure development and regional economic cooperation，with energy as an important pillar. This chapter examines the energy cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative，its implication and the Western factor.