The strategic conception of “The Belt and Road” is very important and has far-reaching strategic significance. It will give new vitality to the 21st century relations between China and Eurasian countries. The Arab world has an indispensable and unique position in the construction of “The Belt and Road”，and plays an irreplaceable role of a bridge and a hub. The 21st century has witnessed a rapid development of China’s relationship with the Arab world in the aspect of politics，economics，energy，finance and interconnection. A giant cooperation space is left for China and Arab countries，and the strategic conception of “The Belt and Road” will further enrich the strategic content as well as indicate the direction and trends of China-Arab relations in the 21st century. In the meantime，the development of China-Arab relations under the background of “The Belt and Road” also faces many challenges，with the geopolitical structural contradictions in the Arab world，the great power game and competition，and the Arab world’s unitary economic structure being the major ones.