Japan adhere to government-guided policies to promote science and technology development. During Shinzo Abe’s second administration，Japan actively strengthened the leadership of the prime minister’s office in formulating the national science and technology strategy，having integrated several “command towers” within the central government to promote the development of science and technology and established the “committee of promoting the comprehensive innovation strategy”. In June 26，2020，the seventh “committee of promoting the comprehensive innovation strategy” was held. In view of the impact of COVID-19，Japan made a strategic plan for the direction of science and technology development，focusing on several new trends in Japanese science and technology development such as coping with COVID-19 epidemic，promoting the digital strategy and strengthening the basic science and technology. It reflects major strategic adjustments made by Japan according to the international innovation development situation，new trends of global social development，its own technical characteristics and industrial pattern，which will have a profound impact on Japan’s position in the global innovation development in the future.