Since the establishment of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development（TICAD），Japan has attached growing strategic importance to Africa，shifting from traditional way of ODA to economic cooperation and strengthening bilateral and multilateral cooperation in key areas in Africa with international organizations. The outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 had a severe impact on African countries. As a country with great influence in medical and health area as well as a major power in foreign aid，Japan has enhanced emergency assistance to Africa and pursued an active diplomacy to fight against the epidemic，so as to develop its influence in Africa and deepen relations with African countries in post COVID-19 era. This report based on Japan’s strategic layout for Africa before the outbreak of COVID-19，focuses on new changes of Japan’s emergency aid to Africa after the outbreak and tries to analyze the motivation and study the trends in the future.