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2020年的美国政治:大选胜负虽分,政治对抗持续

文章摘要

2020年美国政治极化状态之严重,是美国自南北战争以来所罕见的。特朗普任期的最后阶段给美国政坛和社会都带来了巨大的冲击,也使2020年大选成为极度分裂的选举。民主、共和两党为了在竞选中获胜,相互指责对方将给国家带来灾难性后果。大选的结果是乔·拜登获得306张选举人团票,成为第46任美国总统;特朗普获得232张选举人团票。民主党人4年之后再次上台执政。特朗普是过去100年里第4位寻求连任失败的总统。大选结果虽然揭晓,但新冠肺炎疫情加剧的经济衰退和社会矛盾,以及长期存在的贫富差距等社会不公现象,仍使很多美国人感到迷茫和担忧。美国国内危机的化解将是一个长期和充满不稳定性的过程,也会为国际政治和经济增添变数。

Abstract

The serious political polarization of the United States in 2020 is rarely seen since the U.S. civil war. The last stage of Trump’s term of office has brought a huge impact on American politics and society,and also made the 2020 general election extremely divided. In order to win the election,the Democratic party and Republican party blame each other that the other side will bring disastrous consequences to the country. As a result of the election,Joe Biden won 306 electoral votes to become the 46th president of the United States. Trump won 232 electoral votes. The Democrats came back to power four years later. Trump is the fourth president in the past 100 years who failed in reelection. Despite the announcement of the election result,the economic downturn and social contradictions which are aggravated by COVID-19,as well as the long-standing social inequality between the rich and the poor,still remain a great confusion and worry for many Americans. The resolution of the domestic crisis in the United States will be a long-term and unstable process,which will also add variables to international politics and economy.

作者简介
沈鹏:沈鹏,中国社会科学院美国研究所副研究员,主要研究领域为美国政治外交、全球公域资源问题。
韩宁:韩宁,中国社会科学院大学硕士研究生,主要研究领域为美国政治。