碳市场起源于21世纪初，历时近20年，从满是争议到成为共识，逐渐发展成为全球降低二氧化碳排放的重要手段。截至2020年底，全球共有1个超国家机构（欧盟+冰岛+列支敦士登+挪威）、5个国家（哈萨克斯坦、墨西哥、新西兰、韩国和瑞士）和10余个州、城市（康涅狄格州、东京等）已建立碳市场并正在运行。本文以欧盟碳市场（EUETS）、新西兰碳市场、区域温室气体倡议（RGGI）碳市场、日本东京碳市场四个碳市场为典型案例，分析其建设运行情况，以期为我国碳市场建设提供借鉴。
The carbon market originated from the beginning of the 21th century and lasts for nearly 20 years. The carbon market began in controversy，and gradually consensus arises. It has gradually developed into important means of reducing carbon emissions globally. By the end of 2020，there are 1 supranational institution （EU + Iceland + Liechtenstein + Norway），5 countries （Kazakhstan，Mexico，New Zealand，South Korea and Switzerland）and more than 10 provinces and cities（Connecticut，Tokyo，etc.） where the carbon markets have been established and operated. Taking the markets of European Union Emissions Trading System （EU ETS），New Zealand，Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative （RGGI）and Tokyo as case study，this report analyzes the construction and operation of these four markets to provide experience reference for China’s carbon market.
| Keywords： | European Union Emissions Trading SystemNew Zealand Emissions Trading SystemRegional Greenhouse Gas InitiativeTokyo Emissions Trading System |
