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空间治理的领跑者:美国互联网发展与治理研究报告

文章摘要

美国长期引领世界互联网行业发展与空间治理的前沿,以行业创新和政府制度建设为代表的软实力优势明显。在产业发展方面,前沿研究成果的产业化速度快,行业增长点由通信、IT、硬软件等传统板块向大数据、云计算、物联网等为代表的信息服务模块转移。2015年发布的“数字经济议程”,指引了美国数字经济发展的方向。在网络空间治理方面,以三大战略性文件为指导框架,美国网络治理法律完备、机构健全、技术先进、多元主体参与。近年来,互联网相关法制建设紧跟无人机、面部识别系统、手机应用等前沿问题。“棱镜门”事件挑战了美国在国际网络空间治理领域的传统权威,美国开始寻求平衡国家利益与国际争论的折中方案,于2016年6月正式接受了ICANN的监管权限移交方案。

Abstract

U.S. has always been a bellwether in the world in IT industry development and cyberspace governance. The strength in innovation and institutionalization represented the soft power of U.S. in Internet development and cyberspace governance. The overall characteristics could be specified respectively from the perspective of industry development and cyberspace governance. On one hand,frontier research output was provided with a smooth and accelerated access for industrialization. The burgeoning sectors such as big data,cloud computing and Internet of Things(IOT)has nurtured new growth engine,which was in the past created by traditional sectors such as telecommunication,IT,hardware and software. The Digital Economy Agenda released in 2015 constituted the blueprint for digital economy development in U.S.. On the other hand,the three strategic documents issued by U.S. government draws a basic framework for Internet safety and cyberspace governance in U.S.,characterized by comprehensive legal system,effective administrative institutions,advanced governance technologies,and coordinated participation of multiple stakeholders. In the past year,government-led round-table legal deliberation regarding Internet governance has extended to a series of emerging and controversial problems such as unmanned aerial vehicle,facial recognition system and mobile applications. The orthodox authority of US in international cyberspace governance has been challenged after PRISM. A compromised solution was therefore preferred to balance between national interest and international dispute,which resulted in the formal acceptance of ICANN stewardship transition proposal in June 2016.

作者简介
刘洋:刘洋,博士,中山大学传播与设计学院讲师,中山大学互联网与国家治理研究中心研究员,中山大学粤港澳发展研究院研究员。