Big data has become an important symbol in the course of building national competitiveness. Various countries have lifted big data to the position of national strategies，and taken industrial development as the core of big data development. By implementing the national big data strategy，China has seized the strategic commanding heights of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It has approved the construction of eight national comprehensive pilot zones for big data to promote the integrated development of digital industrialization and industry digitalization，contribute to the construction of a cyberpower，a digital China and a smart society and continuously enhance China’s overall competitiveness. In the past five years，the experiments and explorations have been made for national big data comprehensive pilot zones in terms of data open sharing，data center integration，data resource application，data element circulation，big data industry cluster，big data international cooperation，big data system innovation，etc. to propel the innovative development of big data in China. This paper makes a comparative analysis and research on the development of eight national big data comprehensive pilot zones from different dimensions，and aims to provide reference for future development of the big data comprehensive pilot zones.