In order to ensure that the United States remains at the forefront of scientific progress，national security，economic development，and personal well-being against the background of increasing competition among superpowers，the new director of the office of science and technology policy of the White House of the United States has proposed to continue American S&T leadership in the “Second Bold Era” based on the extraordinary discoveries and innovation achieved during America’s First Bold Era in S&T. The core measures proposed or in progress are to build a diverse，highly skilled workforce，leverage the power of data，support high-risk，high-reward transformative research，build research environments that reflects American values，strengthen strategic multi-sector partnerships，and roll out priority areas from the perspectives of national security concerns and future industries. However，such a bold vision is subject to some challenges，including how to balance the benefits of openness with national security concerns.