上海自20世纪80年代开展排污许可管理试点以来，不断调整和完善排污许可制度的功能定位，深化排污许可管理制度建设。2016年11月，国务院办公厅发布《控制污染物排放许可制实施方案》，提出要“将排污许可制建设成为固定污染源环境管理的核心制度”。可以说，排污许可制并不是一项新生事物，而是根据当前环境管理的最新形势和要求，对已有的排污许可制度加以完善和提升。而要将新一轮排污许可制建设成为“固定污染源环境管理的核心制度”，到底需要怎样的制度设计？如何推进实施？会对环境管理部门、企业及社会公众产生怎样的影响？本文将通过梳理、总结上海市排污许可管理制度建设及推进实施的要点和经验，积极探讨以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源环境管理转型的内涵和外延。
Shanghai started its pilot trial on Pollutant Discharge Permit management from 1980's，and has been working on the improvement of the PDP management system ever since. In November 2016，the General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the Implementation Plan on Permit Mechanism for Controlling Pollutant Discharge，aiming at building PDP into the very core management system for controlling stationery emissions. As an update of the existing PDP management，this ‘new version’ has taken into considerations of the utmost requirements for environmental protection in China under current circumstances. But what kind of institutional design does it need to build PDP into the core management system？ How to implement？ What impacts it might have on governmental departments，business sectors and the general public？ This paper will try to explore the key principles and the policy implications of the PDP management，taking the example of Shanghai's institutional design and implementation practices on PDP management.
