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热词推荐: 能源基础设施

建立驱动市场的环境保护政策体系

文章摘要

驱动市场的环境保护政策是指使微观主体自身选择校正经济系统对环境的影响,从而实现改善环境质量和持续利用自然资源的目标的环境保护政策体系。目前,上海基本上建立了包括环境财税、环境价格、环境投融资在内的环境经济政策体系。但整体来看,系统完备的环境经济政策体系仍未真正建立,包括环境财政、环境税费、环境投融资的政策体系只是一个初步框架。新兴的、更趋市场化的政策工具如排污权交易、绿色信贷、环境污染责任保险、环境债券等多种环境经济政策工具尚处于试点起步或者探索的阶段。现有环境经济政策仍是环境行政管制补充手段,未能通过有效影响企业成本收益而改造企业环境行为,缺乏通过影响与企业利益相关的市场主体从而间接影响企业环境行为的政策工具。因此,在现有政策框架下,微观主体自身有意识地主动进行环境保护工作仍是偶发现象,未能形成自下而上的行动触发机制。从现有的少数案例中选取光明乳业水管理的案例,对其分析发现,水风险带来的成本危机、企业自身提升商誉的诉求及利益相关方的要求是其自愿开展水管理的主要驱动要素。针对上述引发企业进行自发环境管理的几个因素,建立驱动市场的环境经济政策体系,以期真正影响和改变企业环境行为。通过影响企业经营活动全程的政策组合使资源环境成本完全内部化。通过影响企业市场相关主体的政策间接影响企业环境行为。通过行业组织、非政府组织影响企业环境行为。

Abstract

Market-driven Environment protection policy refers to a system that microscopic agents choose and correct influence of economic system to environment,and achieve the goal of improving the environment quality and sustainable use of natural resources. At present,Shanghai has basically established an environmental economic policy system that mainly includes environmental taxation,environmental price and environmental investment and financing. However,on the whole,a complete environmental economic policy system still has not been really established,the policy system that contains environmental fiscal,environmental tax and environmental investment and financing is only a preliminary framework emerging and market-oriented policy tools such as emissions trading,green credit,environmental pollution liability insurance,environment bond,together with a variety of environmental economic policy tools are still at a stage of pilot or exploration. From the perspective of current environmental economic policy,environmental economic policy tools still are supplementary means of environment administrative control,for they fail to reform enterprise environmental behavior by effectively influencing enterprise cost benefit. Furthermore,they are deficient in policy tools that can indirectly affect enterprise environmental behavior through impacting market subjects related to business interests. In consequence,under the present policy framework,microscopic agents seldom consciously take active part in environmental protection work and fail to form a bottom-up action triggering mechanism. In this thesis,the author selects the case of water management in Bright Dairy and make an analysis of it. After that,the author finds that cost crisis caused by water risk,the appeals of enterprises promoting business reputation and requirements of stakeholders are the main driving factors that Bright Dairy volunteers to conduct water management. Hence,the author considers several factors that prompt enterprises make spontaneous environment management and sets up environmental economic policy system of drive market in order to really affect and change the enterprise environmental behavior. The author tries to completely internalize resources and environment cost by influencing the enterprise business activities of the whole policy combination. The author tries to indirectly influence enterprise environmental behavior by means of affecting policy of related subjects in enterprise market. Thirdly,The author attempts to affect enterprise environmental behavior through industry groups,non-governmental organizations

作者简介
陈宁:陈宁,上海社会科学院生态与可持续发展研究所,博士。
杨爱辉:杨爱辉,WWF中国上海办公室,项目经理。