Data resources are hailed as oil in the 21st century，and countries around the world are fighting for the maximum use of data resources. As the birthplace of the digital economy，the United States has the strongest demand for global data governance rules. Based on its advantages in cyberspace，the United States strongly dominates the free flow of cross-border data in order to expand its interests. In recent years，the European Union lacks large-scale Internet companies，so it is at a disadvantage in terms of data competition. Therefore，the EU mainly adopts a more conservative attitude of defense. It has introduced various laws and regulations to target other countries in the world including the United States. Data resources. China has begun some discussions on data governance，but it has not yet formed more authoritative rules. Relevant measures are urgently needed to change the passive position in international competition.