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2019年中东欧国家文化发展形势

文章摘要

中东欧各国的文化发展道路既有共同的脉络可循,又因彼此间国情不同而各具特色。其一,各国政府近年来相继出台文化发展战略计划,为自身软实力的综合提升指出了发展方向和重点领域,明确了任务与举措。各国都将保护和发展民族文化、保护本国文化遗产、增强文化交流与国际合作、推动文化服务的数字化作为文化发展的重点方向。其二,各国进一步加大了对文化遗产的保护力度,努力从法律制度、公众教育、政府机构、民间组织、资金投入、市场开发等多个方面不断完善文化遗产保护体系,越发关注公众参与文化遗产保护所发挥的重要作用。其三,在中东欧国家区域内,由于历史与文化上千丝万缕的联系,各国在经济、贸易、文化等方面的合作有着悠久传统,文化合作尤为紧密。欧洲一体化进程极大促进了中东欧国家之间的融合与交流,2019年是波兰、匈牙利、斯洛文尼亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、捷克和斯洛伐克等中东欧国家正式加入欧盟15周年,多个国家举行了系列大型文化庆典活动。其四,各国积极参与中国—中东欧“17+1”合作机制,进一步加强与中国的交流与合作。2019年恰逢保加利亚、罗马尼亚、捷克、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、波兰、阿尔巴尼亚等中东欧七国与中国建交70周年,作为最早一批承认新中国并与新中国建交的国家,上述七国都围绕与中国建交70周年的主题举办了形式多样的文化活动。

Abstract

Routes for cultural development in Central an Eastern Europe (CEE) countries have something in common,however,they reflect their own distinctive features on account of various situations in the countries. First,in recent years the government of each country has formulated strategic plans for cultural development,which outline the direction for development and key areas for the purpose of comprehensive upgrading of soft power and clarify the tasks ahead and measures to be taken. Each country concerned has included protecting and developing ethnic culture,protecting cultural heritage,reinforcing cultural exchange and international cooperation as well as stimulating the digitization of cultural services as the key areas for cultural development. Second,each country has strengthened the protection of cultural heritage,continuously improved the system for protection of cultural heritage in terms of legal system,public education,governmental organization,non-governmental institution,capital investment and market development,and focused more attention on the major role of public participation in the protection of cultural heritage. Third,there is a long history of cooperation between CEE countries in economy,trade and particularly culture by reason of close-knit connection in history and culture. The integration of Europe has markedly boosted the fusion and exchange between countries in the region. As 2019 marked the 15th year for countries such as Poland,Hungary,Slovenia,Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,the Czech Republic and Slovakia to join the EU,quite a few of the above-mentioned countries hosted a series of large-scale activities for commemorating this occasion. Fourth,countries in the region have actively participated in the “17+1” cooperation mechanism,and strengthened their exchange and cooperation with China. In addition,2019 also witnessed the 70th year of the establishment of diplomatic relations between such countries as Bulgaria,Romania,the Czech Republic,Slovakia,Hungary,Poland and Albania and China. As the first batch of countries to have recognized P. R. China and established diplomatic relations with China,the aforementioned countries organized numerous cultural activities revolving around the theme of the 70th anniversary of their bilateral diplomatic ties with China.

作者简介
茅银辉:茅银辉,教授,硕士生导师,广东外语外贸大学西方语言文化学院副院长、中东欧研究中心主任,主要研究方向为波兰文学及文化、中波关系、中东欧国别与区域研究等。