基础研究系统由“构成参量”和“控制参量”组成；它们发生非线性相互作用，并在“序参量”的支配下产生“涨落”，涌现出研究成果。基础研究成果进入诺贝尔奖评选系统，和推荐者、评选者发生非线性相互作用，并在“序参量”的支配下产生“涨落”，涌现出获奖成果及获奖者。日本基础研究系统及其获奖的机制是非线性的、复杂的；日本迄今的诺贝尔奖成果来自20～30年前的基础研究；日本获得诺贝尔奖的目标能否实现，取决于基础研究系统和诺贝尔奖评选系统的“构成参量”与“控制参量”的非线性相互作用及其效果。为此，日本政府制定和实施了相应的调整和改革策略，最终实现获奖目标。日本的经验对中国有启示意义。
The basic research system consists of “constitutive parameters” and “control parameters”，which interact nonlinearly and produce “fluctuation” under the control of “order parameter” and research results. The results of basic research enter the Nobel Prize selection system，which interact nonlinearly with the recommenders and the selectors and under the control of the “order parameter”，there are “fluctuations” and the winning results and winners emerge. The winners of Nobel Prize in Japan to date have come from basic research results 20-30 years ago. The goal of winning the Nobel Prize in Japan depends on the non-linear interactions the “constitutive parameters” and “control parameters” of the basic research system and the Nobel Prize selection system. For that reason，corresponding adjustment and reform strategies are formulated and implemented by Japanese government. Japan’s experience can provide some inspiration for China in developing the basic research.
