President Nicolás Maduro started his second presidential term in 2019. He was strongly challenged by Juan Guaidó，Chairman of the National Assembly，who declared himself “interim president” in January 2019. The country witnessed intensified confrontation and conflicts between the Maduro government and the opposition. Venezuela saw its GDP shrink for the sixth consecutive year in 2019 and was under heavy pressure from hyperinflation. Crude oil outputs in the country continued to decline and the crude oil production was impaired by the US economic embargo. There was a rising outflow of Venezuelans in 2019 as a result of worsening economic and social conditions. In the field of Venezuela’s external relations，isolation and sanctions imposed by the United States and a part of EU and Latin American countries were major challenges confronting the Maduro government.