饮用水“新国标”的修订给我国的污染物排放控制政策带来了新挑战。我国工业点源、城市污水处理厂、医疗机构和危险废物管理存在政策设计的漏洞；生活垃圾填埋场、规模化畜禽养殖、城市雨水地面径流、农村生活面源污染、农业面源的控制管理还有缺位。本文提出以下建议：明确排污许可证作为水污染防治的核心手段，针对每个污染源制定基于技术和水质的排放限值标准；制定水污染物排放标准制定导则，区分基于技术和基于水质的排放标准；建立城市污水处理厂预处理制度；制定农村生活源的管理政策；严格限制农业生产使用潜在威胁水质安全的农药、化肥和杀虫剂；严格危险废物管理。
Source water quality is the basis of drinking water's security,and source water quality relies on pollutant emission control policy,so the amendment of standard for drinking water quality brought about a new challenge for our pollutant emission control policy. In this paper,according to the index change and amendment in standard for drinking water quality (2006) and source water threaten,found that: Industrial point source,urban sewage treatment plant,medical institutions and hazardous waste management have different kinds of policy flaw; Control and management in landfill,large-scale livestock and poultry breeding,city surface runoff,rural non-point source,agricultural non-point source are absent. Suggestion: Water pollutant discharge permit must be the core of the water quality protection policy system; the Ministry of Environmental Protection should promulgate the water pollutant limitation guideline,and distinguish Technology-Based Effluent Limitations and Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations when the authorities design and promulgate the water pollutant discharge permit; establish pretreatment system for urban sewage treatment plant; improve rural non-point source management policy; restrict the usage of pesticides,fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture; and implement strict hazardous waste management policy.
