Twenty years ago，scholars Zheng Yefu and Fan Gang had a famous argument over whether the development of private cars should be encouraged. This argument received wide response and participation since it involved a series of important issues such as economic development pattern，lifestyle choices and the energy and environment capacity. Although nobody is able to identify the winner or loser in this argument，we can clearly see the economic，environmental，transport and social consequences of a fast-growing automobile industry over the past two decades. Both consumers and policymakers now face great challenges from a choice for the future.