本文通过分析卢梭《论科学与艺术的复兴是否有助于使风俗日趋淳朴》一文中批判科学与艺术的思路，梳理该文的论证逻辑，澄清卢梭批判科学与艺术的目的。笔者认为，该文并非如启蒙哲学家们所说提倡回到原始社会，而只是强调道德与风俗在国家和社会中的重要性。卢梭批判科学和艺术的核心论点是，科学和艺术会强化人们的自我中心倾向，扩大甚至扭曲人与人之间的不平等，导致人们追求假知识、坏审美，而将道德与风俗抛到一边，最终使社会堕落和国家覆灭。在真、美与善之间，卢梭选择了善。
This paper intends to analyze Rousseau’s logic of criticizing science and arts in “Discourse on the Sciences and Arts” to clarify Rousseau’s intention for this criticism. The author argues that Rousseau’s discourse is not to urge people to go back to the primitive natural state，but to emphasize the significance of morality and mores in a society. Rousseau’s main argument is that science and arts would strengthen the egocentric tendency，expand and even twist the natural inequality of man. Finally，it would lead to the pursuit of fake knowledge and bad aesthetic judgment，as well as the corruption of morality and mores，which would eventually cause the corruption of the society and the downfall of the state. Among truth，beauty and good，Rousseau chose good.
