Since the reform and opening up，China's shipbuilding industry has developed rapidly and made remarkable achievements. The serious relative overcapacity has laid a huge hidden danger to our country's healthy economic development and social stability. The two major characteristics of the relative overcapacity of China's shipbuilding industry are the total overcapacity and the structural overcapacity. The periodicity of market economy，factor storage and strategic behavior of shipbuilding enterprises，industrial technical barriers and improper interference of local governments in industrial development are the main causes of excess shipbuilding industry in China. We should seize the opportunity of the “Belt and Road” initiative，integrate the shipbuilding enterprises with different properties in China，deepen the reform of mixed ownership，and realize the transformation of the relationship between enterprises from the current level of chaotic competition to the orderly and win-win relationship between the industry and geese，and establish a development structure system that balances the supply and demand of industries and the overall production capacity and the market demand.Scientific selection of production capacity.