This paper first reviews the development history and realistic background of Indonesia’s maritime economy，then analyses the current situation of Indonesia’s maritime economy，the challenges it faces and the measures government has taken from 4 representative areas of the maritime economy，namely fisheries，oil and gas，transportation and tourism. Finally，look forward to the prospect of cooperation between Indonesia and China’s maritime economy. The conclusion of this paper is that the prospects of Indonesia’s maritime economy are very broad，but it is still in the primary stage of development which is limited by factors such as capital and technology shortage. The cooperation between China and Indonesia in marine aquaculture，port construction，oil and gas exploration and other fields is complementary，and the prospects for cooperation are very promising.