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非洲国家对西式民主的认知现状分析——基于对尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和埃塞俄...

文章摘要

20世纪90年代以来,外植的西式民主对非洲民主产生了巨大的影响。实地调查尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和埃塞俄比亚等非洲国家各行业、各年龄段的被调查者对西式民主的认知现状后,发现绝大多数被调查者对“民主”的认知清晰且认知差异不大;对西式民主持支持态度和反对态度的占比各异,对“中国民主”特质持积极认知态度;大部分被调查者对西式民主之于非洲发展产生的影响持中立态度,认为其产生的积极和消极影响均有。同时认为“缺乏稳定、统一、强大的国家”和“严重的腐败”是阻碍本国发展的主要因素,认同非洲国家发展的最关键因素有“统一、强大而稳定的国家”、“适合国情的发展道路”以及“有利的国际环境”等。未来非洲民主的发展应在培育国家全体民众的国家观念与国家意识,建立现代统一的国民经济体系,形成国内统一的市场体系的基础之上,结合非洲的现实,探索适合非洲各国国情的民主发展道路。

Abstract

Implanted western democracy has undoubtedly had a profound influence on African democracy since 1990s. After a field survey on the cognitive status of western democracy of the respondents in Nigeria,Tanzania,Ethiopia and other African countries,it was found that the vast majority of respondents in aforesaid countries had a clear cognition on “democracy” with little difference;the proportion of respondents for or against western democracy are varied,and most respondents hold a positive attitude towards the “Chinese democracy” trait,but others remain neutral to the influence of western democracy exerted on Africa’s development,believing in both positive and negative effects. They viewed that “lack of a stable,united and powerful nation” and “serious corruption” are the main factors that hinder the development of their own countries,and the most crucial factor for realizing the respective development of their countries is “a unified,powerful and stable country”,“a development path suitable to national conditions”,and “favorable international environment” etc. We believe that in the future,the development of democracy in Africa should be based on fostering the concept of nationhood and national awareness of all the people in their countries,establishing a modern and unified national economy and forming a unified domestic market system,in the light of the reality in Africa,to explore a democratic path suitable to the development of African countries.

作者简介
欧玉芳:欧玉芳,浙江师范大学非洲研究院助理研究员