1964年，坦噶尼喀和桑给巴尔合并为坦桑尼亚联合共和国，成为法理上统一的国家。但对这个拥有120余个族群的新兴国家来说，如何处理族群间关系以及族群与国家建构间关系是影响整个国家能否维持长期稳定的关键性问题。坦桑尼亚独立至今已达50余年，整个国家几乎不存在因族群问题而引发的国家性动乱，这对族群矛盾横行的非洲大陆来说无异于一股清流。本文拟从历史因素、文化因素、政治制度因素这三个较为集中的角度就坦桑尼亚和谐族群关系形成的机理展开论述，以期增进对族群理论以及坦桑尼亚族群关系的了解。
In 1964，Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged into United Republic of Tanzania，forming a unified country nominally. As a new country with more than 120 ethnic groups，how to deal with the relationship among ethnic groups and that between ethnic groups and national construction are critical to maintain long-term stability for the country. Tanzania，as a country has gained its independence for over half a century，has never met any turmoil caused by ethnic problems，which is quite scarce in Africa where ethnic conflicts are on a rampage. The reason why it can keep harmonious has raised related discussions by domestic and foreign scholars. This paper intends to discuss the mechanism of the formation of harmonious ethnic relations in Tanzania from the perspectives of historical factors，cultural factors and political system factors，with a view to advance the understanding of ethnic theory and ethnic relations in Tanzania.
