一个族群一般有自己的自称,而相邻不同族群会对其有不同的他称,这是很正常的族群认识行为,是人们区别“我者”与“他者”的一种重要方式。对于一个具体的族群而言,可能除“自称”和“他称”外,尚有另外一种类型的称谓,这就是借称。本文通过对四川省西南部越西、甘洛两县藏族的“尔苏”称谓来源进行考证,认为汉语所称“摩梭”与脱苏语所称“尔苏”所指族群为同一族群,从而论证甘洛、越西藏族的“尔苏”称谓不是自称而是借称,并以此为例探讨“借称”这一掩盖在自称下面的民族称谓形式所隐藏的民族学意义。本文论证是为了弄清楚“尔苏”这一称谓的来源及其中的“他称”和“自称”与“借称”的关系。毋庸讳言,随着时间的延续,“借称”也有可能慢慢转变为“自称”,当完成这种转变时,或许一个重要的历史事实就被掩盖了,要想找到这个被掩盖的历史事实,重新追溯其族群名称是自称,还是由借称演变而来,就显得非常重要。
This is an oneself ethnic group to borrow for some reason other ethnic groups “other appellation” of its own group as “own appellation”,or use your own group other ethnic groups as a another group “other appellation” of its own group as “own appellation”,or even directly borrows “other appellation” of its oneself ethnic group other ethnic groups as “own appellation” for some reason. The “borrow appellation” and “be borrow appellation” referred to here are two different groups with clear boundaries.