本文以社会组织的迅猛发展与其参与社区治理的有限效果之间的反差为起点，讨论社会组织与社区治理的关系问题。通过构建“外部环境—供求匹配—治理水平”的分析框架，将社会组织与社区治理的供求匹配问题作为核心，分析导致匹配不足的环境因素和可能的应对方式。研究表明：①从需求侧看，嵌入性和专业性是社区治理对于社会组织的两个基本需求，但从供给侧看，社区治理中的社会组织出现了结构分化，即浮动的专业社会组织（嵌入性低）、虚弱的社区社会组织（专业性低）、少量的理想社会组织（嵌入性和专业性高）和其他类型的社会组织（嵌入性和专业性低）等并存的基本格局，供需匹配不足；②自上而下的政府环境与自下而上的社区环境是影响结构分化的关键因素，核心的影响机制是资源依赖机制；③可能的应对方式，是增强专业社会组织的嵌入性和提升社区社会组织的专业性，基层治理的实践探索可以由此得到理解。
This paper discusses the relationship between social organizations and community governance in contemporary China.By constructing the analysis framework of “external environment-supply and demand matching-governance level”，this paper takes the matching of supply and demand between social organizations and community governance as the core issue，then analyzes the environmental factors leading to insufficient matching and the possible coping strategies.This research shows that：1） Embeddedness and professionality are two basic needs of community governance for social organizations，but there is structural differentiation in social organizations in supply side，which means the basic pattern of coexistence of floating professional social organizations （low embeddedness） and weak community social organizations （low professionality）.2） Top-down government environment and bottom-up community environment are the key factors affecting structural differentiation，and the core impact mechanism is resource dependence mechanism.3） The possible coping strategies are to enhance the embeddedness of professional social organizations and promote the professionality of community social organizations.The practice of grassroots governance can be understood from this perspective.
| Keywords： | Community GovernanceCommunity Social OrganizationStructural DifferentiationProfessional Social Organization |
