In order to settle the Bedouin tribes，and bring about their adaption to the modern lifestyle and integration into the modern Israeli society as soon as possible，the government of Israel has established various committees，and consecutively put forward the first and second five-year plans. On the one hand，with the establishment of various committees and the implementation of the five-year plans，the social tradition of the Bedouin tribes has been greatly affected；the chieftains，tribal laws and family social concepts have been changed；and their lifestyle is undergoing the transition from nomadic to settled one. On the other hand，the Bedouins’ economic incomes and education levels have continuously improved，while their mortality rate and illiteracy rate have correspondingly declined. The number of employed people among Bedouins has increased uninterruptedly，and the medical，health and social security services they enjoy have been largely expanded. Nevertheless，the conflict between tribal traditions and modern concepts，the issues of land ownership and so on continue to pose great challenges for the government to solve the Bedouin problem.