作为一个全球化城市,香港的处境有点尴尬。这份尴尬源于它有一条边界,将这个特别行政区跟国内周边地区分隔开来。这是很多全球化城市无须面对的困难。在全球城市的文献中,这个边界的问题并未引起太多的注意。究其原因,一种可能是,很多国家底下的全球城市,乃存在于一个更广更宽的国家的框架里面,城市的行政边界并非国家的或特殊政治安排的政治边界,因此行政管理性质的边界所带来的束缚,并不明显。另一种可能是,有关全球化及全球城市的分析中,有一种强调流动倾向,凸显旧有以国家为单位的制度安排逐渐失效,而新的经济、文化、社会活动可无拘无束地全球游走。但现实的情况是边界依旧发挥作用,不但会阻碍资源的流通,而且也会因此而产生其他的考虑和行为的逻辑,令这个“区域国家”的想法或期望,并未转化为现实经济地理中的一种状态。而充分认识到这个落差,对了解当前香港社会经济的处境是相当重要的。本文正是尝试重新检视香港在过去三十五年的时间里,与华南地区在经济、社会的不同方面进行整合的状态与特征,并从中分析回归后香港的处境。当然,1997年以来香港社会所面对挑战来自不同方面,各有不同的特性,不可能单凭某一方面的分析,而掌握到所有问题之所在。不过,话又不得说回来,香港作为一个全球城市,于其空间布局上未能有所突破,对它的经济、社会等方面又确有相当大的影响。本文的目的在于将这个区域整合(又或者应该说是未有真正的整合)的问题提升为一个讨论及研究的议题,并认真思考其对香港发展的影响。
One of the peculiar features of Hong Kong being a global city is that it has a border. Because of the existence of such a border,it encounters many problems that other global cities would not need to deal with. Indeed,the border issue is not a question that has attracted much attention in the literature on global city. This is partly due to the fact that most global cities operate within a national framework and thus they are relatively free from the constraints imposed by an administrative border of the city. It is also partly due to the fact that the literature on global city carries a hyper-globalist assumption,seeing most of the global cities as unrestrained entities operating in the context of a borderless world. However,in reality,the existence of an administrative boundary does matter. Not only does it regulate the flow of various kinds of activity within and across the border,it also shapes the perspectives and actions of the concerned agents. The so-called region-state envisaged by Kenichi Ohmae has not been realized. To comprehend why this is so is important to our understanding of the current situation of Hong Kong. This paper is an attempt to look at Hong Kong’s integration with South China in the past 35 years. Of course,challenges posed to post-1997 Hong Kong are many and they cannot be reduced to one single source of contradiction. Yet,that said,the fact that Hong Kong is not particularly successful in remaking its spatial configuration is one of the many reasons for her economic and social impasse after the return to China. This paper tries to look at the issue of regional integration,hoping that this will help reflect upon its impacts on Hong Kong.