This paper analyzes the Russian people’s cognitive orientation of China in recent years. The study found that China in the Russian visual domain exists as “others” and the image is influenced by multiple factors，such as Russian culture and geopolitics. Russian society has a basic consensus on China image as a powerful country，and most of the respondents hold a positive attitude towards the importance of future cooperation between China and Russia. The study believes that China should make great efforts to improve the strategy of national communication，actively innovate the practice of foreign communication discourse，and continue to explore the path of China-Russian media cooperation，so that Russia’s social foundation of friendship with China is more solid.