In recent years，with the assistance of railway “going out” and the implementation of “the Belt and Road” initiative，China’s railway industry has entered Africa，promoting the construction and development of Africa. Based on the panel data of 22 African countries from 1998 to 2018，this paper adopts the Difference-in-Differences Model to empirically analyze the impact of China’s railway “entering Africa” on foreign direct investment （FDI） of African countries along the route. The research results show that the introduction of Chinese railway into Africa has a significant gradual impact on the FDI of countries along the route. In the stage of railway contract，construction and opening in Africa，the influence of railway on FDI of countries along the route is increasing. In addition，both household consumption level and urbanization level are important factors to promote the FDI of the countries along the route，while industrial structure has a significantly negative influence on FDI of countries along the route.