Faced with a complex geopolitical environment and a diversified social and cultural structure，Israel has always attached importance to the idea of a “powerful country by education”. Since the founding of Israel，education has received strong support from the government and has achieved a certain degree of development in the long-term historical evolution. As the most important ethnic minority Israeli Arab citizens in Israel，due to the influence of historical events and political definitions，educational development has successively experienced a period of military control，a period of social integration policy，and a period of diversified reforms. At present，the education of Arab citizens has made certain achievements in terms of scale and quality，but there are also challenges in education fairness，innovation and self-innovation.